Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Treatment
Early detection and advanced treatment options to stop SCC in its tracks.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Common but Serious Skin Cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 20% of all skin cancer diagnoses. Also known as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) when it occurs in the skin, SCC originates in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. While SCC is often treatable when detected early, it is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and carries a higher risk of spreading (metastasizing) to other parts of the body.
Every year, over one million Americans are diagnosed with SCC. Although many cases can be cured with early intervention, untreated SCC can cause severe disfigurement and may even become life-threatening. Alarmingly, more than 15,000 Americans die from SCC annually.
At
Phoenix Surgical Dermatology Group, we
are committed to early detection and effective treatment of SCC to provide the best possible outcomes for our patients.
What Causes Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
The leading cause of SCC is chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. UV radiation damages the skin’s DNA, leading to abnormal cell growth and cancer formation.
Unlike many skin cancers, SCC can also develop on areas of the body that receive little sun exposure, including:
- Genital regions
- Inside the mouth or throat
- Areas with chronic skin injuries, scars, or burns
Risk Factors for Developing Squamous Cell Carcinoma
While anyone can develop SCC, certain factors increase the risk significantly:
- History of Sunburns: Especially blistering burns in childhood.
- Previous Skin Cancer: Including prior diagnoses of SCC, BCC, melanoma, or actinic keratosis (a precancerous skin condition).
- Weakened Immune System: Due to disease, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressive medications, including those taken by organ transplant recipients.
- Fair Skin and Light Features: Particularly individuals with blond or red hair, blue or green eyes, and lighter complexions.
- Age and Gender: Men over the age of 50 are more commonly affected, though rates are rising in women and younger people.
- Photosensitivity: Triggered by certain medications, medical conditions, or genetic disorders.
- Chronic Skin Inflammation or Infections: Such as non-healing wounds, scars, or burns.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection: Certain strains of HPV have been linked to SCC.
Warning Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
SCC can develop anywhere on the body, including in pre-existing scars, chronic sores, or areas of previous injury. The appearance of SCC can vary widely, but common signs include:
- A
wart-like growth that may crust or bleed.
- An
open sore that doesn’t heal, bleeds, or crusts repeatedly.
- A
scaly red patch with irregular borders that may itch, bleed, or form a crust.
- A
raised growth with a central depression (crater-like center) and possibly raised edges.
- A
scar-like area that appears white, yellow, or waxy.
- Rapidly growing lesions in sun-exposed or injured areas.
If you observe any of these skin changes, particularly if they persist or worsen,
seek prompt evaluation from a board-certified dermatologist.
How is Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosed?
Diagnosing SCC involves a thorough evaluation by a board-certified dermatologist, who will:
- Conduct a complete medical history review and skin examination.
- Perform a
skin biopsy, removing a small sample of the suspicious lesion.
- Send the biopsy to a pathology lab for microscopic analysis to confirm whether cancerous cells are present.
Early diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring successful treatment and minimizing the risk of metastasis.
Treatment Options for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The treatment plan for SCC is determined by several factors, including the tumor’s size, depth, location, and stage, as well as the patient's overall health. Early-stage SCC is often highly treatable and curable before it has the chance to spread. Common treatment options include:
- Excisional Surgery: Removal of the tumor along with a margin of healthy surrounding tissue.
- Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A highly precise method where cancerous tissue is removed layer by layer and examined under a microscope until no abnormal cells remain—ideal for tumors located on the face, nose, ears, lips, or scalp.
- Cryosurgery: Freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen, suitable for small or superficial tumors.
- Electrosurgery (Curettage and Electrodessication): Scraping off the tumor followed by cauterization to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
- Laser Surgery: Using focused light energy to vaporize cancerous cells.
- Radiation Therapy: Recommended when tumors cannot be surgically removed, are in challenging locations, or for patients unable to undergo surgery. May also be used post-surgery in higher-risk cases.
- Advanced Treatment for Metastatic SCC: Includes
lymph node dissection,
immunotherapy,
targeted drug therapy, or
chemotherapy for cancers that have spread beyond the skin.
Why Early Detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Matters
When SCC is caught early, the success rate for treatment is extremely high. However, delayed diagnosis increases the risk of local tissue destruction and metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs, which can significantly complicate treatment and reduce survival rates.
Annual skin cancer screenings and prompt attention to unusual skin changes are essential for early detection and optimal care.
Frequently Asked Questions About Squamous Cell Carcinoma
How serious is squamous cell carcinoma?
While many cases of SCC can be successfully treated when caught early, the condition can become aggressive and spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Early detection is key to preventing complications.
What does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
SCC may appear as a wart-like growth, an open sore that doesn’t heal, or a rough, scaly patch that may bleed or itch. It can also present as a raised bump with a central depression or a scar-like area.
Is Mohs surgery the best treatment for SCC?
Mohs micrographic surgery is considered the gold standard for treating SCC in high-risk locations or in recurrent cases because it minimizes tissue loss while maximizing cure rates.
Can SCC come back after treatment?
Yes, SCC can recur at the same site or develop in other areas of the skin. Regular follow-up exams with your dermatologist are essential for monitoring and preventing recurrence.
How can I reduce my risk of squamous cell carcinoma?
Protect your skin by:
- Wearing sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily.
- Avoiding tanning beds and limiting sun exposure during peak hours.
- Wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
- Performing monthly self-skin checks and scheduling yearly professional skin exams.
Schedule Your Schedule Your Skin Cancer Evaluation Today
If you notice an abnormal growth, persistent sore, or any of the warning signs of squamous cell carcinoma, don’t delay. Contact
Phoenix Surgical Dermatology Group to schedule your skin cancer screening with one of our experienced, board-certified dermatologists.
Early detection saves lives and helps ensure the best cosmetic and health outcomes.
